Where Is the wpa_supplicant Config File?
wpa_supplicant reads network blocks from /etc/wpa_supplicant, with per interface files on many distros.
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wpa_supplicant takes its networks from config files under /etc/wpa_supplicant. The classic file is wpa_supplicant.conf, while many distros split per interface variants beside it. Each network block holds an SSID plus its key material.
Permissions matter more than syntax. Keys sit in plaintext, so the file must stay root only. Most desktop environments moved on to managers that write their own stores, which leaves this path to servers, containers, and embedded boards.
Where wpa_supplicant stores this, by platform
/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
Main config with global options plus network blocks. Per interface variants sit in the same folder on split setups. Keep it chmod 600 since keys are plaintext.
Frequently asked questions
How do I add a Wi-Fi network by hand?
Add a network block with ssid and psk, either quoted or as output by wpa_passphrase. Reload with wpa_cli reconfigure on the right interface. Keep the file root readable only since it holds secrets.
Does desktop Wi-Fi still use this file?
Yes on most desktops. NetworkManager and iwd own the radio there and fight wpa_supplicant for control. Use the distro config file only on servers and minimal installs where no manager runs.
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